Estimation of the predictive effect of body mass index-percentile on skeletal maturation in a Nigerian population

To determine the predicting the effect of BMI-index percentile on the skeletal maturation of Nigerian children. Design: A prospective cross-sectional study. Setting: This study was conducted in a tertiary health care facility in North-Central Nigeria. Participants: Children between the ages of 5-17 years consisting of 44 males and 30 females that presented in the Child Dental clinic over a period of eight months were recruited for the study. Main outcome measured: Skeletal maturation was assessed using the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) while the standard WHO growth chart specific for age (2-20 years) and gender was used for grading BMI-percentile. The unpaired t-test was used to compare mean chronological age of the stages of MP3 according to gender. Multinomial logistic regression used to determine the predictive effect of age, gender and BMI percentile on pubertal growth spurt. Results: The BMI-percentile had weak correlation with the pubertal growth spurt (r=0.089, p=0.448). Gender (p=0.004) and chronological age had significant (p<0.001) predictive effect on the skeletal maturation. A one-percentile increase in the BMI-percentile decreases the likelihood of healthy children to be in the peak-pubertal by 1.504 when compared to obese children (p=0.305). Conclusions: This study showed that BMI-percentile is a weak predictor of skeletal maturation. However, obese children had a tendency towards advanced skeletal maturation than healthy participants. It is therefore suggested that orthodontists should consider early implementation of jaw modification treatments among obese children.

Discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar y factores asociados en pacientes con necesidad de cirugía ortognática / Negative transverse maxillary discrepancy and associated factors in patients requiring orthognathic surgery

Introducción: La discrepancia transversal de las arcadas es un problema esquelético poco estudiado en personas con necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico quirúrgico. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar y necesidad de tratamiento por cirugía ortognática. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 25 expedientes clínicos de pacientes que acudieron al servicio de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, con discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar y necesidad de cirugía ortognática entre enero de 2016 y enero de 2020. Se estudiaron los casos por medio de variables cualitativas divididas en epidemiológicas, características faciales y mediciones dentarias. Para el análisis se confeccionaron cuadros estadísticos y como medidas de resumen se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: La frecuencia de la discrepancia negativa del maxilar fue de 13,3 por ciento. Los pacientes de piel blanca fueron los más afectados (80 por ciento) y el principal motivo de consulta fue estético (68 por ciento). La asimetría del tercio inferior y el perfil cóncavo estuvieron presentes en el 44 por ciento y 36 por ciento de los casos respectivamente. Se observó alta frecuencia de pacientes con el tercio inferior aumentado (76 por ciento), mordida cruzada posterior (48 por ciento), mordida abierta anterior (75 por ciento), apiñamiento en la arcada inferior (63,3 por ciento) y lingualización del incisivo inferior (72 por ciento). Conclusiones: La discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar es frecuente en personas con necesidad de cirugía ortognática y con gran afectación estética. Se observó mayor predisposición a padecerla en pacientes de piel blanca(AU)

Introduction: Transverse discrepancy of the arches is a skeletal problem not sufficiently studied in persons requiring surgical orthodontic treatment. Objective: Characterize patients with negative transverse maxillary discrepancy requiring surgical orthognathic surgery. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted of 25 medical records of patients attending the maxillofacial surgery service at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital with negative transverse maxillary discrepancy requiring orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to January 2020. The cases were studied with qualitative variables divided into epidemiological, facial features and dental measurements. Analysis was based on statistical charts. The summary measurements used were absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The frequency of negative maxillary discrepancy was 13.3 percent. White skin patients were more commonly affected (80 percent). The main concern was aesthetic (68 percent). Lower third asymmetry and a concave profile were present in 44 percent and 36 percent of the cases, respectively. A high frequency was observed of patients with an augmented lower third (76 percent), posterior crossbite (48 percent), anterior open bite (75 percent), lower arch crowding (63.3 percent) and lower incisor lingualization (72 percent). Conclusions: Negative transverse maxillary discrepancy is common among patients requiring orthognathic surgery for large aesthetic alterations. White skin patients were found to be more prone to present this disorder(AU)

Interdisciplinariedad en el diagnóstico del síndrome de clase III esquelético de Moyers / Interdisciplinarity in the diagnosis of Moyers skeletal class III syndrome

RESUMEN Fundamento: Dentro de las anomalías de la oclusión que provocan afectación estética y funcional en los pacientes, se destaca el síndrome de clase III esqueletal de Moyers, cuyo diagnóstico debe ser preciso y precoz. Objetivo: Cuantificar la concordancia entre los criterios diagnósticos ortodóncicos y médicos en los portadores del síndrome de clase III esquelético de Moyers. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente "Mártires del Moncada" de Santiago de Cuba desde enero de 2018 hasta enero de 2020. Se estudiaron, por Ortodoncia y diferentes especialidades médicas seleccionadas, 15 pacientes de 8 a 18 años de edad diagnosticados clínica y cefalométricamente con clase III esqueletal de Moyers. Resultados: El nivel de acuerdo entre ortodoncia y las diferentes especialidades médicas fue leve con Oftalmología (Kappa=0.10), casi perfecta con Ortopedia (Kappa=1.00), pobre por Gastroenterología y por Otorrinolaringología (Kappa de 0.09 y 0.10 respectivamente), resultados estadísticamente significativos solo con Ortopedia. Conclusiones: Es evidente la marcada concordancia entre los diagnósticos ortodóncicos y ortopédicos en el síndrome de clase III esquelético, a diferencia del resto de las especialidades médicas; probablemente asociado a la no estandarización de las evaluaciones clínicas.

ABSTRACT Background: Among the occlusion anomalies that cause esthetic and functional affectation in patients, Moyers skeletal class III syndrome stands out, its diagnosis should be accurate and early. Objective: To quantify the concordance between orthodontic and medical diagnostic criteria in patients with Moyers skeletal class III syndrome. Methodology: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted at the "Mártires del Moncada" Provincial Teaching Dental Care Clinic of Santiago de Cuba from January 2018 to January 2020. 15 patients aged 8 to 18 years clinically and cephalometrically diagnosed with Moyers skeletal class III were studied by Orthodontics and different selected medical specialties. Results: The level of agreement between Orthodontics and the different medical specialties was slight for Ophthalmology (Kappa=0.10), almost perfect for Orthopedics (Kappa=1.00), poor for Gastroenterology and Otolaryngology (Kappa of 0.09 and 0.10 respectively), statistically significant results only for Orthopedics. Conclusions: The manifest concordance between orthodontic and orthopedic diagnoses in skeletal class III syndrome is evident, unlike the rest of the medical specialties; probably associated with non-standard clinical evaluations.

3D Assessment of the Correlation between Neonatal Morphology and Occlusal Outcomes in 5-Year-Old Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

ABSTRACT Objective: To exploit 3D measurement technology to determine any correlation between neonatal palate morphology and occlusal outcomes at five years in patients receiving surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP). Material and Methods: Twenty-nine neonatal and 5-year models treated by the same surgeon using the same protocol for CLP correction were scanned using a high-resolution structured-light scanner and stored in stl format. Dedicated software was used to make linear and surface area measurements on the neonatal models, and each digitized 5-year model was assigned a Five-Year-Old (5YO) index score on three separate occasions by the same investigator. Results: Minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation and standard error were calculated for each variable considered, and the Pearson coefficient was used to identify any correlations between neonatal variables and 5YO scores. Linear regression analysis showed that the only variable to approach significance was the posterior width of the cleft, which showed an R2 equal to 0.111, indicating that it accounts for 11% of the variability of the 5YO index. There was no other appreciable correlation between linear measurements, surface areas, or their inter-relationships. Conclusion: There is no correlation between neonatal morphological characteristics and occlusal outcomes at 5 years in CLP patients treated via the surgical protocol considered.

To the lip and beyond: A case report of a midline tessier 30 Cleft

Objective@#To present the case of a midline Tessier 30 cleft in a baby boy who initially underwent a glossoplasty, cheiloplasty and mentoplasty. @*Methods@#Design: Case Report. Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital. Patient: One. @*Result@#A 4-month-old boy with a complete midline cleft of the lower lip, alveolus and mandible, and bifid distal tongue that was fused with the floor of the mouth, underwent glossoplasty, cheiloplasty and mentoplasty with subsequent excellent aesthetic outcome and normal oral competency. @*Conclusion@#Tessier 30 is a rare congenital midline mandibular cleft. Prompt glossoplasty, cheiloplasty and mentoplasty can correct the gross deformity, restore oral competency, and address functional needs such as feeding, swallowing and early speech development. Future bony repair will hopefully complete the reconstruction.

Análise fonoaudiológica na cirurgia ortognática: estudo de caso uma década após procedimento / Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences Analysis in orthognathic surgery: a case study with a ten-year follow up / Análisis fonoaudiológica en la cirugía ortognática: estudio de caso una década de evolución posquirúrgica

Introdução: desproporções esqueléticas são consideradas casos extremos de variação da tipologia facial, caracterizadas por grandes alterações da oclusão associadas a modificações funcionais. O tratamento é orto-cirúrgico, com reconstrução das bases ósseas por meio de cirurgia ortognática. Após essa cirurgia, o acompanhamento fonoaudiológico auxilia o paciente no reconhecimento da nova face e nas readaptações das funcões de respiração, fala, mastigação e deglutição. Objetivo: apresentar relato de caso clínico de cirurgia ortognática, em seguimento longitudinal de 10 anos, por meio de análise das avaliações fonoaudiológicas. Relato do caso: mulher, 26 anos, portadora de deformidade craniofacial do tipo Classe III, prognata, com queixa estética e de mastigação, com indicação de cirurgia ortognática. Foram realizadas cinco avaliações fonoaudiológicas, sendo: a primeira na fase pré-operatória, segunda no 19º dia de pós-operatório, terceira após três meses de reabilitação fonoaudiológica, quarta após quatro meses de manutenção dos resultados obtidos e a quinta após 10 anos da intervenção cirúrgica. Em avaliação pré-cirúrgica foi registrada alteração no padrão miofuncional relacionado às funções de mastigação, deglutição, fala e respiração. Após terapia fonoaudiológica observou-se melhora da musculatura de lábios, bochecha, masseter e postura de língua, bem como na amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares. Em 10 anos observa-se estabilidade nos padrões funcionais de respiração, posicionamento de língua em repouso, organização do padrão da fala, articulação, deglutição, assim como na autoestima da paciente. Considerações finais: o tratamento fonoaudiológico associado à cirurgia ortognática e à ortodontia mostrou evoluções e eficácia, para nesse caso, atingir satisfação da paciente aos novos ajustes do padrão miofuncional.

Introduction: dentofacial deformities are seen as extreme cases of facial typology variation, characterized by major changes in occlusion associated with functional modifications. It requires an ortho-surgical treatment, in which the bone bases are reconstructed through orthognathic surgery. Treatment and monitoring are required after surgery with a Speech-language Pathologist (SLP) in order to assist patients in the recognition of their new faces and in the adjustments of orofacial functional patterns, avoiding negative interferences. Purpose: to report an orthognathic surgery clinical case in a 10-year longitudinal follow-up through the analysis of the SLP assessments. Case report: a prognathous 26-year-old woman with Class III craniofacial deformity, presenting aesthetic and chewing complaints with indication for orthognathic surgery. Five SLP ́s assessments were conducted, as follows: the first one, in the preoperative stage; the second, 19 days after the surgery; the third, after three months of SLP rehabilitation; the fourth, after four months of follow-up as maintenance of the results obtained; and the fifth, ten years after the surgical intervention. In the preoperative assessment, changes were recorded in the myofunctional pattern related to chewing, swallowing, speech and breathing functions. Improvements in the lip, cheek and masseter muscles were reported after SLP therapy, as well as in tongue posture and mandibular range of motion. After 10 years, favorable changes were observed in breathing pattern and tongue posture at rest, organization and stability of speech, articulation, and swallowing patterns, as well as in the patient's self-esteem. Final considerations: the SLP approach associated with orthognathic surgery and orthodontics procedure achieved evolutions and proved to be effective, leading this patient to satisfactory new adjustments of the myofunctional pattern.

Introducción: Desproporciones esqueléticas son consideradas casos extremos de variaciones de la tipología facial, caracterizadas por grandes alteraciones de la oclusión asociadas a las modificaciones funcionales. El tratamiento es echo con ortodoncia y cirugía ortognática, con reconstrucción de las bases óseas y estabilización oclusal. Después de esa cirugía, acompañamiento fonoaudiólogo auxilia el paciente en el reconocimiento facial y en las readaptaciones de las funciones estomatognáticas. Objetivo: Presentar relato de caso clínico de cirugía ortognática, en seguimiento longitudinal de 10 años, por medio de análisis de las evaluaciones fonoaudiológicas. Relato del caso: Mujer, 26 años portadora de deformidad cráneo facial del tipo clase III, prognata, con queja estética y de masticación, con indicación de cirugía ortognática. Fueron realizadas cinco evaluaciones fonoaudiológicas, siendo: la primera en la fase pre-operatorio, segunda en el 19º día de post operatorio, tercera después de tres meses de rehabilitación fonoaudiológica, cuarta después de cuatro meses de manutención de los resultados obtenidos y la quinta después de 10 años de la intervención de cirugía. En la evaluación preoperatorio fue registrada alteración en el patrón miofuncional relacionado a las funciones de masticación, deglución, habla y respiración. Después terapia fonoaudiológica se observó mejora en la musculatura de labios, mejillas, masseter (musculo masetero) y postura de la lengua, bien como en el patrón de oclusión. En 10 años se observa el cambio favorable en el patrón de respiración y posicionamiento de la lengua en reposo, organización y estabilidad del patrón de habla, articulación, deglución, así como en el auto estima de la paciente. Consideraciones Finales:El tratamiento fonoaudiológico asociado a la cirugía ortognática y la ortodoncia mostro evoluciones y eficacia, para en ese caso, alcanzar satisfacción de la paciente a los nuevos ajustes del patrón miofuncional.

Manifestações orofaciais associadas aos diferentes tipos de anemias / Orofacial manifestations associated with different types of anemia

Introduction: Anemias correspond to hematological disorders that can present in the oral cavity and face. Objective: To review the literature on the main types of anemic disorders and their orofacial manifestations, considering the aspects of interest to dentists. Methodology: This is a literature review, in which articles were selected in Portuguese and English, indexed in the Scielo, Medline/Pubmed and Lilacs databases with the descriptors: Anemia, Oral Manifestations, Jaw Abnormalities and their correspondents in Portuguese language. Literature review: Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include mainly Iron-Deficiency, Megaloblastic, Fanconis, Sickle Cell, Thalassemia and Aplastic Anemia. The manifestations vary from burning and painful symptoms in the tongue, pallor of lips and mucosa, stomatitis, atrophic glossitis, angular cheilitis, susceptibility to candidiasis and peri-odontal disease. Also, dental changes, hyposalivation, malocclusion, osteomyelitis of the jaw, paraesthesia of the mental nerve and orofacial pain are included. Conclusion: These manifestations can be the first signs of the presence of anemia, which gives the dentist an important role in early diagnosis and proper management of dental treatment.

Introdução: As anemias correspondem a distúrbios hematológicos que podem apresentar manifestações na cavidade oral e face. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca dos principais tipos de distúrbios anêmicos e suas manifestações orofaciais, considerando os aspectos de interesse aos cirurgiões-dentistas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, em que foram selecionados artigos em português e inglês, indexados nas bases de dados do Scielo, Medline/Pubmed e no Lilacs, com os descritores: Anemia, Oral Manifestations, Jaw Abnormalities e seus correspondentes na língua portuguesa. Revisão de literatura: Os distúrbios anêmicos associados aos sinais e sintomas orofaciais incluem principalmente a Anemia Ferropriva, Megaloblástica, de Fanconi, Falciforme, Talassemia e Anemia Aplástica. As manifestações variam de ardência e sintomatologia dolorosa em língua, palidez de lábios e mucosa, estomatite, glossite atrófica, queilite angular, suscetibilidade a candidíase e doença periodontal. Ainda, englobam-se as alterações dentárias, hipossalivação, má oclusão, osteomielite da mandíbula, parestesia do nervo mental e dor orofacial. Conclusão: Essas alterações podem ser os primeiros sinais da presença da anemia, o que confere ao cirurgião-dentista um importante papel no seu diagnóstico precoce e condução adequada ao tratamento odontológico.

Diagnóstico precoz de la estrechez del maxilar superior en la dentición mixta / Early diagnosis of the maxillary´s narrowness in the mixed dentition

Las compresiones del maxilar superior son alteraciones transversales por discrepancia óseo-dentaria. .En la dentición mixta temprana puede establecerse la estrechez mediante índices que relacionan el tamaño dental con el ancho transversal del arco dentario. Se analizaron 33 modelos superiores de niños en el tercer período de desarrollo clínico según Barnett. Se estableció la estrechez realizando el análisis métrico del arco dental mediante el índice de Pont. Se describió la anomalía de posición anterior según las siguientes variables: A) Apiñamiento dentario: 1-Escalón de los dientes anterosuperiores; 2-Rotación mesial de los cuatro incisivos; 3-Rotación mesial de los incisivos centrales y rotación distal de los incisivos laterales y 4-Rotación distal de los incisivos centrales. B) Ausencia de apiñamiento: 1-Reabsorción atípica y 2- Ausencia de reabsorción atípica. Las anomalías de posición y/o reabsorciones atípicas anteriores en este período de desarrollo clínico se asocian a estrechez transversal del maxilar superior Siendo la malposición más frecuente la rotación mesial de los cuatro incisivos, siguiendo las reabsorciones atípicas y el escalón de los dientes anterosuperiores, luego la rotación mesial de los incisivos centrales y distal de los laterales y por último la rotación distal de los incisivos centrales (AU)

Inside the traverse alteration of the maxillary the compressions are described as uni or bilateral where an imbalance is settled down between the dental size and the size of the maxillary causing alterations in the position of the teeth. In the early mixed teething the narrowness of the maxillary can be settled by means of indexes that relate the dental size with the traverse width of the dental arch. Thirty models of the maxillary of children according to Barnett's third development period were analyzed. The metrical analysis of the dental arch form was carried out through Pont's index. The theoretic values were compared with the real ones establishing the deviations of the norm that is to say the narrow nest. Out of the 30 cases analyzed, 40% presented mesial rotation of the 4 incisors; 27% showed a stop of the front teeth; 27% atypical reabsorption; 20% mesial rotation of the central incisors and distal rotation of the lateral incisors and the 10% presented a distal rotation of the central incisors. With regard to the front atypical discrepancy 36.66% of the cases had a discrepancy above 6 mm and the 23.33% below 3 mm (AU)

LipStaT® Surgery, A Novel Technique for the Treatment of Gummy Smile: Case Report / LipStaT®, Una novedosa técnica quirúrgica para el tratamiento de la sonrisa gingival, reporte de casos Gummy Smile and LipStat® Technique

Background: The lip stabilization technique (LipStaT®) is a novel surgical approach for the management of gummy smile. It is an outpatient technique, minimally invasive, with low risk of morbidity and low incidence of complications. The goal of the technique is to reduce the excessive gingival display during smile. Objective: to describe the LipStaT® technique including its indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical approach and patient post procedure care instructions. Clinical Cases: the authors present two female patients, aged 20 and 31 years, with excessive gingival display (over 3mm) and with experiences of failures with other procedures. The LipStaT® technique allowed to achieve aesthetic, harmonic and functional results. Conclusion: The LipStaT® technique is a safe outpatient procedure that allows to obtain predictable results, which are well accepted by patients.

Introducción: La técnica de estabilización labial (LipStaT®), es un novedoso abordaje quirúrgico para el manejo de la sonrisa gingival. Es una técnica ambulatoria, mínima-mente invasiva, con baja morbilidad e incidencia de complicaciones. La meta de la técni-ca es reducir la excesiva cantidad de encía que se visualiza durante la sonrisa. Objetivo:Describir la técnica LipStaT® incluyendo sus indicaciones, evaluación preoperatoria, abordaje quirúrgico y las indicaciones posteriores a la intervención. Presentación del caso: Los autores presentan dos pacientes, mujeres, entre 20 y 31 años, con visuali-zación excesiva de la encía de más de 3mm al sonreír y con experiencias de fracasos con otros procedimientos. La técnica LipStaT® permitió lograr un resultado estético, armónico y funcional. Conclusión: Este es un procedimiento seguro, ambulatorio, que permite obtener resultados predecibles y bien aceptados por los pacientes.

Características orofaciais de indivíduos com mucopolissacaridoses: um estudo transversal pareado / Orofacial characteristics of individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis: a paired cross-sectional study

As mucopolissacaridoses (MPS) caracterizam-se por um grupo de doenças genéticas metabólicas raras, com manifestações multissistêmicas progressivas. Acarretam diversas alterações físicas, motoras e intelectuais. Dentre as alterações físicas, muitas estão presentes na face e na cavidade bucal. Na área odontológica ainda são poucos os estudos dedicados à MPS, sendo insuficientes as informações sobre as características orofaciais presentes nas pessoas acometidas por essa anomalia. O presente estudo objetivou identificar as características orofaciais de indivíduos com MPS e comparar com um grupo de indivíduos sem MPS. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com uma amostra pareada de 14 indivíduos com MPS e 28 sem MPS, na faixa etária de 5 a 26 anos, pareados por sexo e idade. Os participantes com MPS e sem MPS são atendidos em dois hospitais públicos de Belo Horizonte, região sudeste do Brasil. Em ambos os grupos foi realizada a análise facial e a análise cefalométrica (medidas angulares e lineares). Além disso, também foram identificadas a presença ou ausência de alterações dentárias e maxilomandibulares por meio de radiografias panorâmicas. Previamente ao estudo principal, a examinadora passou pelo processo de calibração prática. Foram obtidos valores kappa entre 0,76 e 0,98. Para as variáveis cefalométricas, não foram observados erros sistemáticos significativos (p> 0,05). Os erros aleatórios para as medidas lineares e angulares foram baixos. A análise estatística entre os grupos foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado e teste t independente. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. A média de idade dos 42 participantes foi de 13,9 anos (± 7,2). Em relação às alterações faciais e cefalométricas, observou-se que quando comparados com indivíduos sem MPS, a maioria dos indivíduos com MPS apresentou perfil dolicofacial, alteração nas proporções faciais, com aumento da altura facial anterior inferior (AFAI) e incompetência labial (todos p<0,05). Seis medidas angulares foram significativamente maiores entre os indivíduos com MPS: 1s.Na, 1s.NB, FMA, IMPA, AFI e Po.Or_Go.Me; todos p <0,05. Duas medidas angulares apresentaram-se significativamente reduzidas nos indivíduos com MPS: 1s.1i, Ba.N-Ptm.Gn; p <0,05. Quatro medidas lineares apresentaram-se aumentadas entre os indivíduos com MPS: 1s-NA, 1i-NB, S-UL e S-LL; todos p<0,05. E, cinco medidas lineares (PogN-Perp, Co-A, Co-Gn, Nfa-Nfp e overbite; todos p<0,05) apresentaram-se reduzidas entre os indivíduos com MPS. Em relação à presença/ausência de alterações dentárias e maxilomandibulares, observou-se que a presença de dentes supranumerários (p=0,003); dentes conóides (p = 0,009); taurodontismo (p<0,001); dentes impactados (p<0,001); dentes semi-inclusos (p=0,040); dentes inclusos (p=0,013); e dilaceração radicular (p=0,047) foi estatisticamente mais frequente nos indivíduos com MPS quando comparados aos sem MPS. Além disso, a presença de rarefação óssea/ lesão de furca óssea (p=0,032), hipoplasia condilar (p<0,001), lesões ósseas radiolúcidas (p=0,001) e cistos dentígeros (p=0,001) também foram mais frequentes em indivíduos com MPS. Conclui-se que a maioria dos indivíduos com MPS apresentou perfil dolicofacial com aumento da altura facial anteroinferior. Os indivíduos com MPS foram identificados com incisivos superiores e inferiores vestibularizados, espaço nasofaríngeo reduzido e overbite reduzido. A presença de alterações dentárias e maxilomandibulares também foram frequentes nos indivíduos com MPS, ressaltando assim a importância do conhecimento a cerca das manifestações clínicas orais e faciais que podem ser herdadas através da MPS, a fim de se realizar um atendimento odontológico preventivo e eficaz.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are characterized as a group of rare metabolic genetic diseases, with progressive multisystemic manifestations. There are several physical, motor and intellectual alterations. Among the physical alterations, many are presented in the face and oral cavity. In the the area of dentistry, there are still few studies dedicated to MPS, with insufficient information about the orofacial characteristics presented in individuals affected by this anomaly. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the orofacial features of individuals with Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and to compare the characteristics of those individuals with a group of non-MPS individuals. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a paired sample of 14 MPS individuals and 28 non-MPS individuals between five and 26 years old matched for sex and age. Participants with and without MPS are patients attended at two public hospitals in Belo Horizonte, southeastern region of Brazil. Facial and cephalometric analysis (angular and linear measurements) was performed for both groups. Besides that, the presence/absence of dental and maxillomandibular alterations were assessed through panoramic radiographs. Prior to the main study, the examiner went through practical calibration process. Kappa scores for categorical variables obtained were 0.76 to 0.98. For the cephalometric variables, no systematic errors were observed (p>0.05). Random errors for linear and angular measurements were low. Statistical analysis between groups was performed by means of chi-square test and independent t test. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. The mean age of the 42 participants was 13.9 years (±7.2). Regarding facial and cephalometric measures, it was observed that when compared to non-MPS individuals, most MPS individuals were dolichofacial, with facial proportions alterations, increased ALFH, and no passive lip sealing (all p<0.05). Six angular measurements (1s.Na, 1s.NB, FMA, IMPA, AFI, and Po.Or_Go.Me; all p<0.05) were significantly increased among MPS individuals. Two angular measurements (1s.1i, Ba.N-Ptm.Gn; all p<0.05) were significantly decreased among MPS individuals. Four linear measurements were significantly increased among MPS individuals (1s-NA, 1i-NB, S-UL and S-LL; all p<0.05). Five linear measurements (PogN-Perp, Co-A, Co-Gn, Nfa-Nfp and overbite; all p<0.05) were significantly decreased among MPS individuals. It can be concluded that, most MPS individuals were dolichofacial with increased anterior lower facial height. MPS individuals also present pro-inclined upper and lower incisors, reduced nasopharyngeal space and reduced overbite. The presence of dental and maxillomandibular alterations were also more frequent in MPS individuals, highlighting the importance of the knowledge about the oral and facial clinical manifestations that can be inherited with the MPS disease, in order to provide preventive and effective dental care.

Myosin 1H and the soft tissue profile of african american females with mandibular prognathism

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of Myosin 1H on the soft tissue profile of African American females. Methods: Fourteen African American females from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository with the ancestral genotype GG, marker rs10850110, locus 12q24.11 were analyzed. For this investigation, measurements were taken of the eleven items that comprise the Holdaway soft tissue analysis. Profile differences between ethnicity and corresponding normative values were explored by independent-sample t tests for all facial profile measurements. Student's t test for independent means was used to determine differences with accepted norms. Significance was set a p<0.05. Results: There were significant differences between four of the eleven Holdaway values and the reported values for African Americans. The mean convexity value of the African American female group was 1.0 mm less the normative value of 5.7 mm (p>0.000). In contrast, the H angle of the African American females was larger than the normative value. Conclusions: Our study confirms previous research that Myosin 1H contributes to mandibular prognathism. It agrees with the idea that Myosin 1H is less influential in the maxillary soft tissue complex. Understanding the genetic influence of soft tissue growth would allow improved therapies and prevention approaches.

Introduçâo: O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a influência da miosina 1H nos tecidos moles de mulheres americanas negras. Métodos: Foram estudadas quatorze mulheres americanas negras participantes do projeto Dental Registry and DNA Repository da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Pittsburgh com o genótipo comum GG do marcador rs10850110, localizado no lócus 12q24.11. Medidas de onze parâmetros que compõem a análise de tecidos moles de Holdaway foram utilizadas. Diferenças entre etnicidade e medidas normais correspondentes, foram exploradas através do teste t de Student de amostras independentes para todas as medidas faciais. O teste t de Student para médias independentes foi usado para determinar diferenças em comparação à medidas normais. A significância foi estabelecida em p<0,05. Resultados: Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre quatro das onze medidas de Holdaway. A convexidade média da mulher americana negra foi de 1,0 mm a menos que o valor normal de 5.7 mm (p>0.000). Em contraste, o ângulo H das mulheres americanas negras foi maior que o valor normal. Conclusões: O nosso estudo confirma resultados anteriores que a miosina 1H contribui para o prognatismo mandibular. Nossos resultados concordam com a ideia de que a miosina 1H tem menor influência nos tecidos moles da maxila. Entender a influência genética no crescimento dos tecidos moles irá possivelmente permitir melhorar as abordagens de tratamento e prevenção atuais.

Disfunção da articulação temporomandibular em pacientes com anomalias dentomaxilofaciais / Disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular en pacientes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales / Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with dentomaxillofacial anomalies

Introdução: Pacientes com anomalias dentomaxilofaciais do sistema estomatognático frequentemente experimentam disfunção da articulação temporomandibular, além do exame clínico existem índices que permitem determinar o grau de disfunção. Objetivo: Identificar o grau de disfunção da articulação temporomandibular em pacientes com anomalias dentomaxilofaciais. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, observacional foi feito com 121 pacientes atendidos na clínica ortodôntica da Clínica Universitária de Especialidades Estomatológicas Manuel Cedeño, no período de maio de 2016 a março de 2018. As variáveis; a serem estudadas foram idade, sexo e grau de disfunção da articulação temporomandibular. Foi aplicado o índice de Maglione et al. Resultados: Pacientes com anomalias dentomaxilofaciais apresentaram um grau leve de disfunção em 71,90 percent da população total; disfunção da articulação temporomandibular esteve presente em 72,58 percent na faixa etária de 18 a 20 anos e no sexo feminino com 61,98 percent. Conclusão: Disfunção temporomandibular leve prevaleceu em pacientes com anomalias dentomaxilofaciais(AU)

Introducción: Los pacientes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales del sistema estomatognático a menudo experimentan disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular. Además del examen clínico existen índices que permiten determinar el grado de disfunción. Objetivo: Identificar el grado de disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular en pacientes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal con 121 pacientes atendidos en la consulta de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Universitaria de Especialidades Estomatológicas Manuel Cedeño, de mayo de 2016 a marzo de 2018. Las variables a estudiar fueron la edad, sexo y grado de disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular. Se aplicó el índice de Maglione et al. Resultados: Los pacientes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales tuvieron un grado de disfunción leve en 71,90 por ciento de la población total. La disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular se presentó en 72,58 por ciento del grupo etario de 18 a 20 años y en el sexo femenino, con 61,98 por ciento. Conclusiones: La disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular leve prevaleció en los pacientes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales(AU)

Introduction: Patients with dentomaxillofacial anomalies of the stomatognathic system often experience temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Besides clinical examination, indices such as Maglione and collaborators' allow to determine the degree of dysfunction. Objective: Identify the degree of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with dentomaxillofacial anomalies. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of 121 patients attending the Orthodontics Service at Manuel Cedeño Dental Specialties University Clinic from May 2016 to March 2018. The variables analyzed were age, sex and degree of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Use was made of the Maglione and collaborators' index. Results: Patients with dentomaxillofacial anomalies had a mild degree of dysfunction in 71.90 percent of the total population. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction was present in 72.58 percent of the 18-20 years age group and in the female sex, with 61.98 percent. Conclusions: Mild temporomandibular joint dysfunction prevailed in patients with dentomaxillofacial anomalies(AU)

Pie bot y FLAP como asociación aislada / Clubfoot and OC as an isolated association

INTRODUCCIÓN: el pie bot y la fisura labio alvéolo-palatina (flap) son malformaciones congénitas relacionadas con síndromes diversos, aunque infrecuentes como entidades aisladas. El pie bot tiene como tratamiento de elección, el método enyesado de Ponseti, mientras que la flap requiere corrección quirúrgica a menudo. Ésta última presenta diferentes variantes: fisura labial, fisura palatina y fisura labio/palatina. OBJETIVO: mostrar 3 pacientes evaluados multidisciplinariamente con asociación pie bot-flap sin formar parte de un síndrome. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Presentamos 3 pacientes atendidos de enero de 2016 a enero de 2017, con pie bot y flap aislados sin otra alteración estudiados por genetista. Se realizó método de Ponseti por ortopedista más tratamiento de la flap por cirujano máxilofacial. RESULTADOS: presentamos 3 pacientes, (2 femeninas). Edad a la consulta: 2 meses promedio con 8.8 Yesos semanales y ferulaje posterior. Una paciente abandonó tratamiento, retomando yesos actualmente. Los 3 necesitaron tenotomía del tendón de Aquiles y cirugía máxilofacial. Seguimiento promedio: 1 año y 5 meses. Se trabajó multidisciplinariamente descartando otras patologías por genetista. CONCLUSIONES: evaluar el paciente de manera multidisciplinar simplifica el tratamiento y favorece el diagnóstico de otras patologías no evidenciadas al momento de la consulta.

INTRODUCTION: Clubfoot and orofacial cleft (OC) are congenital malformations related to different syndromes, although uncommon as isolated entities. The treatment of choice for the clubfoot is the Ponseti method with casting while the OC often requires surgical correction. The latter presents different variants: lip cleft, palate cleft or both. OBJECTIVE: to show 3 patients with non syndromic associated clubfoot-OC who were evaluated with a multidisciplinary approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a descriptive retrospective study. We present 3 patients with isolated clubfoot and orofacial cleft and no other alteration, treated from January 2016 to January 2017 and examined by a genetist. Ponseti method was applied by an orthopedist and the orofacial cleft was treated by an oro-maxillo-facial surgeon. RESULTS: we presented 3 patients (2 female). Age at evaluation: average 2 months with 8.8 weekly casts and subsequent splinting. One patient dropped the treatment and now has resumed casting. The 3 of them needed tenotomy of the Achilles tendon and oromaxillo-facial surgery. Average follow-up: 1 year 5 months. The approach was multidisciplinary and other pathologies were ruled out by a genetist. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating the patient by using a multidisciplinary approach simplifies the treatment and favors the diagnosing of other pathologies not presented at the office visit.

Fonoaudiologia e cirurgia ortognática: revisão de literatura / Speech therapy and orthognathic surgery: a literature review

Introdução: As deformidades dentofaciais estão associadas às alterações de oclusões dentárias, que podem causar modificações no sistema miofuncional de acordo com o tipo de desproporção. Essas deformidades, podem provocar alterações e/ou adaptações no sistema estomatognático. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar, com base na literatura arbitrada, a relação entre a Fonoaudiologia e a Cirurgia Ortognática. Método: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico sem período específico, nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e BVS. Resultados: Foram avaliados 15 artigos de forma crítica, quanto ao tipo de estudo, seus objetivos, número e gênero dos participantes, metodologia, resultados e conclusões. Os artigos foram agrupados com base nos seus objetivos em 1) Grupo Fonoaudiologia (GF); 2) Grupo Mudanças (GM); 3) Grupo Técnicas (GT) e 4) Grupo Outros (GO). Conclusão: Pouco se encontrou sobre a intervenção fonoaudiológica direta, sendo a maioria dos estudos direcionada às mudanças estéticas e funcionais do tecido duro e mole de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. Houve também estudos que abordaram métodos e/ou exames específicos para verificar as mudanças nos tecidos moles e duros do perfil facial dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática e estudo que detalhou o perfil dos indivíduos que realizaram tratamento para deformidade dentofacial e síndrome da Apneia e Hipopneia do Sono.

Introduction: Dentofacial deformities are associated with changes in dental occlusion, which may cause changes in the myofunctional system according to the type of disproportion. These deformities can cause changes and/or adaptations in the stomatognathic system. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between speech therapy and orthognathic surgery based on refereed publications. Method: A bibliographic survey was conducted without considering a specific publication period in the databases, PubMed, SciELO and BVS. Results: Fifteen articles were critically evaluated with respect to the type of study, objectives, number and sex of participants, methodology, results and conclusions. Based on their aims, the articles were grouped into 1) speech-therapy group (STG); 2) changes group (CG); 3) techniques group (GT) and 4) others group (OG). Conclusion: There is little information regarding direct speech therapy intervention, and the majority of the studies were directed to the aesthetic and functional changes in the hard and soft tissue in patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Some studies addressed methods and/or specific examination procedures to verify the changes in the soft and hard tissues of the facial profile of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery, and a study detailed the profile of individuals who underwent treatment for dentofacial deformity and apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Relación de las anomalías dentomaxilo-faciales sagitales con la postura corporal y el apoyo plantar / The relationship of sagittal dentomaxillofacial anomalies with body posture and plantar support

Introducción: la evaluación integral de los problemas posturales, el apoyo plantar y su influencia en los problemas maxilo-mandibulares implica un análisis del aparato estomatognático en relación biomecánica con todo el cuerpo humano, con visión multidisciplinaria. Objetivo: determinar la posible relación de las anomalías maxilo-mandibulares en el plano sagital con la postura corporal y apoyo plantar en estudiantes de séptimo grado de la ESBU "Eduardo Anoceto Rega", de la ciudad de Santa Clara. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo­transversal de octubre a marzo del 2016-2017. El universo fueron 150 estudiantes de séptimo grado de la ESBU "Eduardo Anoceto Rega", en las edades de 12 y 13 años. La muestra 42 estudiantes seleccionados por un muestreo intencional y agrupados según el tipo de anomalía maxilo-mandibular sagital en síndrome de clase I, II y III. Se diseñó un modelo de consentimiento informado que estableció el compromiso de colaboración de los casos seleccionados. Se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi Cuadrado y se calculó el coeficiente V de Cramer. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes con postura corporal y apoyo plantar incorrectos, el mayor porcentaje fue de pies planos en las anomalías de clase II. Alta significación con predominio de pies valgos en los síndromes de clase II y pies varos en los síndromes de clase III. Conclusiones: se constató una relación entre la postura corporal incorrecta, alteraciones plantares y los síndromes de clase II y III (AU).

Introduction: The comprehensive evaluation of postural problems, plantar support and their influence on the maxilla-mandibular problems implies an analysis of the stomatognathic system, in biomechanical relation with the entire human body, from a multidisciplinary point of view. Objective: to determine the possible relationship of the maxilla-mandibular anomalies in the sagittal plane with body posture and plantar support, in seventhgrade students of the junior high school ¨Eduardo Anoceto Rega¨, of Santa Clara. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out from October 2016 to March 2017. The universe were 150 seventh-grade students of the junior high school ¨Eduardo Anoceto Rega¨, aged 12 and 13 years. The sample was 42 students chosen by intentional sampling, grouped according to the type of sagittal maxilla-mandibular anomaly as Class I, II and III syndrome. A form of informed consent was elaborated establishing the collaboration compromise of the chosen cases. The chi squared statistical test was used and Cramer´s V coefficient was calculated. Results: Patients with incorrect body posture and plantar support predominated, the highest percent corresponding to valgus foot in class II syndromes and clubfeet in class III syndromes. Conclusions: a relationship between incorrect corporal posture, plantar alterations and class II and III syndromes (AU).

Post-operative temporal lobe encephalocele

@#This 24-year-old woman presented to ENT outpatients with an enlarging swelling in the right external auditory canal. A radical mastoidectomy for chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma had previously been undertaken at another institution. On clinical examination there was an otologic mass that was tender on probing. High resolution imaging of the temporal bones and a subsequent MRI brain confirmed the mass was a temporal lobe encephalocele. A temporal lobe encephalocele is where a segment of the temporal lobe invaginates through a defect in the tegmen tympani. The brain is separated from the middle ear and mastoid process by an exceptionally thin layer of bone – the tegmen tympani. Damage to the tegmen compromises the barrier with the brain and may occur for a number of reasons. This includes congenital, traumatic, post-infectious, malignant invasion, post-radiation therapy and post-surgical causes.1 When this occurs the brain may extrude through the defect resulting in a temporal lobe encephalocele. A bony defect alone, whatever the cause, is insufficient to always result in an encephalocele. Even with dehiscence of the tegmen the dura is capable of supporting the brain issue without herniation. Only when the integrity of the dura is compromised does an encephalocele occur.2 This may be due to the underlying disease process (such as cholesteatoma causing an intracranial abscess) or both purposeful (opening dura to drain an adjacent intracranial abscess) /non-purposeful surgical intervention. Mainstream microsurgical techniques however have lowered the incidence of dural violation.3 Historically, infection was a major cause, but with the ready availability of antibiotics and prompt management, the key contemporary cause is iatrogenic, following mastoid surgery. However, the overall incidence is uncommon following otologic surgery. In a review of 25 years of middle ear/mastoid encephalocele cases 77% were identified to be iatrogenic in origin.4 This patient presented with the finding of a mass observed in the external auditory canal. Less common findings at attendance include tympanic perforation, cholesteatoma, otorrhoea and meningitis.4 The key to diagnosis hinges on cross-sectional imaging: combined imaging with CT to assess the osseous structures and MRI for soft tissue review. The high-resolution CT (HRCT) of the temporal bones illustrates a large defect in the right tegmen tympani with a large soft tissue lesion occupying the post-surgical mastoid cavity abutting the tympanic membrane. (Figures 1A, B) The defect of 15mm in the tegmen was more than double the average of 7.2mm reported elsewhere.4 The MRI confirms the defect in the tegmen with the protrusion of a knuckle of the right temporal lobe and its overlying meninges through the defect into the mastoid cavity. The dumb-bell appearance is typical with the narrower neck at the site of the tegmental dehiscence. The extruded brain occupies the post-operative middle ear cavity. (Figures 2 A, B and C) The defect size and volume of herniated brain can be accurately assessed, both of which may be key determinates of the type of surgical procedure. Revision mastoidectomy with repair of the tegmen defect and dural integrity using a combined intracranial-mastoid approach is planned as a joint case with neurosurgical colleagues.

Síndrome de Eagle, apófisis estiloides con prolongación hasta el hioides / Eagle syndrome, styloid process with prolongation to the hyoid

Se presenta un caso de un paciente de 48 años que fue tratado inicialmente por síndrome de articulación temporomandibular; posteriormente se diagnosticó apófisis estiloides mayor a 8 cm que se prolongaba hasta el hioides bilateralmente. Refería intenso dolor a predominio izquierdo en cabeza y cuello. La radiografía panorámica y la tomografía computada 3 D permitieron evaluar la dimensión de las apófisis. Se intervino quirúrgicamente el lado izquierdo que resultaba ser el más sintomático, por vía externa con buena evolución sin morbilidad..(AU)

It is presented a case of a 48 year male who was treated initially by temporomandibular malfunction; lately was diagnosed a styloid process longer than 8 cm that extended up to hyoids bilaterally. He referred an intense pain especially in the left side of head and neck. The panoramic radiography and the tomography scan with 3 dimension reconstruction allowed us to evaluate the process dimension. We underwent an external access surgery on the more symptomatic side. The evolution was good without complications..(AU)

Prevalencia de Anomalías Dentomaxilares y Necesidad de Tratamiento en Adolescentes / Prevalence of Dentomaxillary Anomalies and Treatment Needs in Adolescents

RESUMEN: Las anomalías dentomaxilares (ADM) constituyen un problema de salud pública en Chile, lo que genera la necesidad de un diagnóstico sistemático y la asignación de prioridades de tratamiento. Las ADM que afectan la estética pueden constituir una barrera para la inserción social de los adolescentes. El Dental Aesthetic Index (IED), es un instrumento que permite jerarquizar la necesidad de tratamiento de las ADM. El propósito de esta investigación fue caracterizar las ADM, necesidad de tratamiento a través de IED y auto-percepción estética en escolares de 12 a 15 años. Estudio de Prevalencia en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años, de la ciudad de Viña del Mar. El criterio de exclusión fue tratamiento ortodóncico previo. Se seleccionaron 204 sujetos mediante asignación uniforme con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Variables recogidas: Edad, tipo de establecimiento educacional, sexo, percepción estética y IED por componentes. La prevalencia según IED fue de 63 % [56 % - 70 %]. La necesidad de tratamiento fue 44,2 % electivo, 31,01 % altamente deseable y 24,81 % obligatorio y prioritario. El IED Comunitario dio 29.5. Se encontró una relación significativa entre IED y percepción estética con un p-valor: 0,006 (Rho: 0,343). La prevalencia de anomalías dentomaxilares medido a través del indicador IED alcanza el 63 % y el IED comunitario de 29,54 % afirmando que el grupo "requiere tratamiento electivo por ADM definida"; en los establecimientos particulares está subestimado pues algunos casos ya han sido tratados con anterioridad a esta investigación.

ABSTRACT: Dentomaxillary anomalies are a public health problem in Chile, resulting in the need for screening and prioritization of treatment. Dentomaxillary anomalies affecting the aesthetics can be a barrier to social integration of adolescents. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is an instrument to prioritize the need for treatment of malocclusions. The purpose of this research was to characterize the malocclusions, orthodontic treatment needs and esthetic self-perception in schoolchildren from 12 to 15 years through DAI. Prevalence Study in 12 to 15 year-old adolescents from Viña del Mar. The exclusion criteria was previous orthodontic treatment. The sample was 204 subjects selected by uniform allocation with a confidence level of 95 %. Variables included age, type of educational establishment, sex, aesthetic perception and DAI by component. Prevalence of dentomaxillary anomalies by DAI was 63 % [56 % - 70 %], Treatment needs were 44.2 % treatment elective, 31.01 % highly desirable and 24.81 % mandatory. The Community's DAI was 29.5. The relationship between DAI and aesthetic perception was significant (p-value: 0.006; Rho: 0.343). The prevalence of dento-maxillary anomalies measured by DAI reaches 63 % and the communal DAI was 29.54 stating that the group "requires elective treatment for definite malocclusion"; in private schools, it is underestimated because some cases had already been treated prior to this investigation.

Hallazgos incidentales en ortopantomografías maxilomandibulares de pacientes adultos jóvenes / Incidental findings on panoramic radiographs of the maxilla and mandible of young adult patients

Introducción: la valoración radiográfica rutinaria en la práctica odontológicaes esencial para un adecuado diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento. Laortopantomografía o radiografía panorámica es una técnica simple, rápida, de bajo costo y a una baja dosis de radiación. Objetivos: Caracterizarlos hallazgos incidentales más comunes en radiografías panorámicas de pacientes adultos jóvenes de una clínica dental universitaria. Materialy métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de cortetransversal de radiografías panorámicas digitales, tomadas e interpretadas de manera ciega, explorando alteraciones óseas y anomalías dentales. Se realizó la caracterización de su presentación por género de los participantes. Para el análisis de datos se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas (la prueba χ2, exacta de Fisher y binomial). Resultados: Se tomaron 98 radiografías del mismo número de pacientes, con edad promedio de 19.45 años, predominando las mujeres (69/70.40 por ciento), solteros (94/95.91 por ciento) y de zona urbana (77/78.57 por ciento). Existieron 387 alteraciones, 268 (69.25 por ciento) enmujeres, y 119 (30.74 por ciento) en hombres, con un promedio de 3.88 y 4.10 alteraciones por paciente, respectivamente. La distribución mostró en total 122 (31.52 por ciento) lesiones a nivel de senos maxilares, 124 (32.04 por ciento) en fosasnasales, 16 (4.13 por ciento) lesiones radiolúcidas u opacas, y 125 (32.29 por ciento) anomalías asociadas a retención dental. La comparación de acuerdo al género mostró diferencia (p ≤ 0.001) en la frecuencia de alteraciones, en todos los casos determinada por las mujeres, para cada sitio y tipo de lesión presentada. Conclusiones: El valor de la radiografía panorámica para detectar anomalías de estructuras orofaciales demostró en este estudio su utilidad en la práctica asistencial desde una perspectiva epidemiológica.

Background: doutine dental X-Ray assessment in dental practice isessential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Orthopantomographyor panoramic radiography is a quick, simple, low-cost, and low-doseradiation technique. Objective: To describe the most common incidentalfi ndings on the panoramic radiographs of young adult patients ata university dental clinic. Material and methods: A descriptive,retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out, in which digitalpanoramic radiographs were taken and interpreted blindly to examinebone disorders, and dental anomalies, and the prevalence of theseaccording to the gender of the participants. Nonparametric statistics(Chi-square χ2, Fisher’s exact, and binomial tests) were used for dataanalysis. Results: 98 radiographs were taken of the same number ofpatients with a mean age of 19.45 years, most of whom were women(69/70.40%), single (94/95.91%), and from urban areas (77/78.57%). 387alterations were found, 268 (69.25%) in women and 119 (30.74%) in men,with an average of 3.88 and 4.10 alterations per patient, respectively. Thedistribution presented a total of 122 (31.52 %) lesions in the maxillarysinus, 124 (32.04 %) in the nostrils, 16 (4.13 %) radiolucent or opaquelesions, and 125 (32.29%) anomalies associated with tooth retention. Acomparison by sex revealed a diff erence (p < 0.001) in the frequency ofalterations, which was greater in women for all sites and types of lesion.Conclusions: The study showed the usefulness of panoramic radiographyin clinical practice to detect anomalies of the orofacial structure from anepidemiological perspective.

La artritis reumatoidea juvenil y su influencia en la alteración de desarrollo de la mandíbula / Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and its influence on the alteration of jaw development

La artritis reumatoidea juvenil (ARJ) es una enfermedad inflamatoria autoinmune que se presenta en niños menores de 16 años. Es de curso crónico, etiología desconocida, y afecta sobre todo las articulaciones, como la temporomandibular (ATM). El daño de la ATM puede ocasionar: alteraciones en el crecimiento facial (micrognatia), maloclusión clase II, mordida abierta anterior, desviaciones laterales, erosiones óseas, destrucción del cón-dilo, oclusión disfuncional y alteración de la estética facial, entre otras consecuencias. La posición oclusal neurofisiológica lograda por medio de elementos electrónicos, como el Transcutaneus Electrical Neural Stimulation (TENS), y mantenida por el Dispositivo Intaroral (DIO) podría posibilitar la remodelación de la cabeza del cóndilo, en pacientes en crecimiento, en los que la enfermedad se halla controlada, regulando así también la sintomatología dolorosa...